时间: 2025-04-16 04:39:59
美: [skrætʃ]
英: [skrætʃ]
n. 擦伤;抓痕;刮擦声;乱写
adj. 打草稿用的;凑合的;碰巧的
vt. 抓;刮;挖出;乱涂
vi. 抓;搔;发刮擦声;勉强糊口;退出比赛
最后更新时间:2025-04-16 04:39:59
字面意思:
"Scratch" 字面意思是指用指甲、尖物等轻轻划伤表面,或者是快速而随意地擦拭或搔抓某物。
定义:
作为动词,"scratch" 意味着用尖锐的物体或指尖划伤或抓挠表面;作为名词,它表示轻微的划痕或抓伤,或指划伤的声音。
词性:
动词(verb)、名词(noun)
词源分析:
"Scratch" 源于古英语 "scracian",意指“刮擦”。其词根与德语 "kratzen"(抓、刮)有相似之处。无明显前缀或后缀。
历史背景:
"Scratch" 在15世纪初首次被记录使用,最早出现在一些文学作品中,描述动物抓挠或人类的动作。
课本:
在*的英语教材中,"scratch" 可能在小学到初中阶段出现,尤其在描述动作或日常生活的单元中。
在牛津和美国的教材中,通常在初中英语阅读理解或写作练中出现。
正式与非正式语境:
正式:在医学或法律文献中,"scratch" 可能用于描述伤害或皮肤病。
例如:The patient presented with scratches on the forearm.
(病人前臂有划伤。)
非正式:在日常对话中,"scratch" 用于描述抓挠或轻微的划痕。
例如:I scratched my arm on the bush.
(我在灌木上划伤了手臂。)
特殊场合:
在计算机科学中,"scratch" 也可以指代一种编程语言,特别是针对儿童的学工具,如 "Scratch" 编程平台。
例如:Children can learn programming basics with Scratch.
(孩子们可以通过 Scratch 学编程基础。)
I accidentally scratched my car while parking.
我在停车时不小心刮伤了车子。
The cat scratched the furniture.
猫抓了家具。
She has a scratch on her cheek from the thorn.
她的脸颊上有一个刺划伤的痕迹。
Please don’t scratch the surface of the table.
请不要刮伤桌子的表面。
He scratched his head in confusion.
他困惑地挠了挠头。
同义词:
反义词:
音标记忆法:
可以将 "scratch" 发音为 /skrætʃ/,通过多次朗读和拼写加深印象。
词根记忆法:
记住 "scratch" 的词源与“刮擦”相关,可以联想到抓、划的动作,从而帮助理解和记忆。
通过以上分析,可以更全面地理解并运用 "scratch" 这个单词。
[V-T] If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching. 挠
例:He scratched himself under his arm.他在自己腋下挠了挠。
例:The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side.那位老人撩起他的开襟毛衣挠了挠身子侧面。
[V-T] If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface. 划破
例:The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face.那些树枝挂了我的夹克,划破了我的双手和脸。
[N-COUNT] Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts. 划伤
例:The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck.那个7岁的孩子被找到时正在哭,脸上和颈上都有划伤。
[PHRASE] If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before. 从零开始
例:Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.白手起家既激动人心又具有挑战性。
[PHRASE] If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle. 绞尽脑汁思考
例:The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity.这家研究所花大量时间绞尽脑汁思考怎样推进美国的生产力。